Francis Galton is best known for founding which movement related to intelligence?

Francis Galton is best known for founding the eugenics movement, which was significantly focused on the belief that the human population could be improved through controlled breeding to increase desirable heritable characteristics. Galton, a pioneer in the field of psychology and a relative of Charles Darwin, was influenced by evolutionary theory and was interested in understanding the nature of individual differences, particularly in intelligence.

His work laid the groundwork for later discussions on heredity and intelligence, positing that intelligence and other abilities could be quantified and that these traits were heavily influenced by genetic factors. This perspective played a crucial role in the early eugenics movement, which emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and became associated with controversial and unethical applications in society.

The other movements mentioned in the choices, such as the behaviorist movement, the cognitive revolution, and the multiple intelligences theory, are associated with different theorists and ideas in the study of psychology and intelligence. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states, the cognitive revolution emphasizes the processes of the mind and information processing, and the multiple intelligences theory, proposed by Howard Gardner, argues that there are various types of intelligences rather than a single, quantifiable measure. These frameworks emerged