How do aptitude tests differ from achievement tests?

Aptitude tests are designed to measure an individual's potential or ability to learn new skills or acquire knowledge in the future. They assess underlying capabilities, such as logical reasoning, problem solving, and critical thinking, which indicate how well someone might perform in various activities or tasks. On the other hand, achievement tests focus on evaluating what individuals have already learned and their existing knowledge or competencies in specific subjects or areas. These tests are typically used to assess mastery of a particular curriculum or body of knowledge.

This distinction makes the understanding of the difference between aptitude and achievement tests crucial. For instance, a student who performs well on an aptitude test may have the potential for success in a subject but may not necessarily have demonstrated any proficiency in it yet, which is what an achievement test would measure. This is why choice B accurately captures the essence of the two types of assessments.