How is stereotype vulnerability distinct from stereotype threat?

Stereotype vulnerability refers to the potential negative effects that an individual might experience when they are aware of a stereotype that relates to their identity, particularly in regards to their social group. This awareness can lead to feelings of anxiety and stress, manifesting as stereotype threat. Stereotype threat specifically describes the fear or anxiety that an individual may experience when they feel at risk of confirming a stereotype about their group, which can negatively impact their performance.

The distinction lies in the fact that stereotype vulnerability encompasses the broader social and psychological implications of being aware of stereotypes, while stereotype threat specifically highlights the performance-related anxiety stemming from that awareness. Thus, option B correctly identifies the performance impact of stereotype threat due to anxiety, making it the correct choice.

Understanding this nuance is key in discussions around how social identities interact with individual performance capabilities in various contexts, including academia and other performance-based scenarios.