In terms of intelligence, what does the term 'crystallized intelligence' refer to?

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired through experience and education over a lifetime. This type of intelligence encompasses a person's ability to use learned knowledge and experience to solve problems and make decisions. It often increases with age, as individuals have more opportunities to learn and build their repository of information.

This understanding of crystallized intelligence highlights its reliance on prior knowledge and cultural and educational exposure. It contrasts with fluid intelligence, which involves the capacity to think logically and solve new problems without relying on previously acquired knowledge. In everyday terms, crystallized intelligence can be seen in situations such as applying learned math skills, understanding vocabulary, or recalling historical facts, all of which utilize accumulated knowledge.