What distinguishes an achievement test from an aptitude test?

An achievement test is designed to assess an individual's knowledge and skills in specific areas that they have already learned or experienced. This type of test evaluates what a person knows or can do at a particular point in time, which distinguishes it from an aptitude test that aims to predict a person's future performance or potential in a particular skill or subject area.

For example, standardized tests that measure a student’s understanding of mathematics covered in their curriculum would be considered achievement tests. These tests reflect the content that has been taught and mastered.

In contrast, aptitude tests typically evaluate inherent abilities or potential in a specific area, often looking at general intelligence, reasoning, or cognitive capabilities rather than knowledge that has been acquired through education or experience. This fundamental difference helps delineate the purpose and use of achievement tests compared to aptitude tests.