What factor can significantly impact an individual's cognitive development and intelligence test performance?

Access to educational resources plays a critical role in an individual's cognitive development and performance on intelligence tests. This access encompasses a wide range of factors, including the quality of schooling, availability of books and learning materials, exposure to stimulating environments, and the presence of supportive teachers and mentors. These resources contribute significantly to the acquisition of knowledge, critical thinking skills, and problem-solving abilities, all of which are essential components of intelligence as measured by standardized tests.

In contrast to genetics, which certainly has a role in shaping intelligence, environmental factors like educational access can enhance or inhibit a person’s cognitive growth. Personal interests, while important for motivation and engagement in learning, do not directly influence cognitive ability or test performance in the same systemic way that educational resources do. Age can also affect cognitive abilities due to developmental stages, but without effective resources and support, cognitive growth can stagnate regardless of age. Thus, the availability and quality of educational resources are fundamental to maximizing an individual's cognitive potential and performance on intelligence assessments.