What theory of intelligence was proposed by Howard Gardner?

Howard Gardner proposed the Multiple Intelligences theory, which revolutionized the way intelligence is understood in educational contexts and psychological fields. This theory suggests that intelligence is not a single, uniform attribute but rather a combination of various distinct types of intelligences that individuals may possess to varying degrees. Gardner identified several intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences, among others.

The emphasis of Gardner's theory is that people have different strengths and can demonstrate intelligence in diverse ways that are not necessarily measured by traditional IQ tests. For instance, a person might excel in musical intelligence but may not perform as well in linguistic tasks, highlighting the multiple facets of human capabilities beyond conventional academic achievement.

This perspective has significant implications for education, as it encourages a more tailored approach to teaching that considers individual learning styles and talents, advocating for a broader understanding of student potential.