What type of intelligence allows an individual to solve new problems without relying on previous knowledge?

Fluid intelligence refers to the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge or experience. It encompasses abilities such as pattern recognition, abstract thinking, and problem-solving in unfamiliar contexts. For example, when faced with a completely new type of puzzle, an individual utilizing fluid intelligence can analyze the problem, make connections, and develop solutions without drawing on previously learned information or facts.

In contrast, crystallized intelligence builds on the knowledge and skills accumulated through experience and education. While it includes the ability to use learned information effectively, it does not pertain to solving problems without prior knowledge. The other types of intelligence listed — naturalistic and interpersonal intelligence — relate to understanding and interacting with the natural world and social environments, respectively, but they do not specifically address the capacity to handle new, unencountered problems. Thus, fluid intelligence is the most accurate choice for defining the ability to solve new problems without reliance on previous knowledge.