Which of the following best defines intellectual disability?

The definition of intellectual disability is characterized by both a significant limitation in intellectual functioning and challenges in adaptive behavior. Intellectual functioning typically refers to general cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, reasoning, and learning. Adaptive behavior encompasses the skills necessary for everyday living, such as communication, self-care, and social skills. This two-pronged assessment is essential for a diagnosis, as it ensures that the condition is understood comprehensively, considering both cognitive aspects and practical life skills.

In contrast, the other options fail to capture the full nature of intellectual disability. For instance, a condition with only social limitations does not encompass the cognitive deficits or practical challenges that individuals face. Similarly, suggesting that intellectual disability occurs only in older adults overlooks the fact that it is a developmental condition that can manifest in childhood and persist throughout life. Lastly, the notion of academic setbacks alone does not address the broader implications of functioning in daily life beyond the academic realm. Therefore, option B accurately embodies the complexity and multidimensional nature of intellectual disability.