Who developed the theory that includes naturalist intelligence as one of its key components?

Howard Gardner developed the theory that includes naturalist intelligence as one of its key components, known as the theory of multiple intelligences. In his framework, Gardner identifies several distinct types of intelligence, emphasizing that individuals possess varying strengths across these different intelligences. Naturalist intelligence refers to the ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other aspects of the natural world, showcasing an individual’s affinity for nature and the environment.

Gardner’s theory emerged as a response to traditional views of intelligence that primarily focused on linguistic and logical reasoning skills. By including naturalist intelligence, Gardner expanded the understanding of how people can excel in diverse areas not typically accounted for in conventional IQ assessments. This approach acknowledges that intelligence is multi-dimensional, allowing for a more holistic understanding of human capabilities beyond academic performance.